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The ''Pennsylvania Chronicle and Universal Advertiser'' was an American colonial newspaper founded in 1767 that was published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, prior to the American Revolution and was founded by William Goddard and his business partners Joseph Galloway and Thomas Wharton. Benjamin Franklin, an associate of Galloway, was also a partner with the ''Chronicle''.〔 The newspaper was established to challenge the power of the Penn family and ultimately the Crown authorities who at that time were placing laws and taxes on the colonists without fair representation in the British Parliament. The ''Chronicle'' was published once a week on a Monday, the first issue being released on January 6, 1767, and was printed from a new ''Bourgeois type set'' by Goddard's printing company in Philadelphia, ''The New Printing Office'', on Market-Street, near the Post-Office. The annual subscription rate was ten shillings. The publication maintained operations from January 6, 1767, until February 8, 1774. In 1768 William's sister, Mary Katherine Goddard who later became famous for being the first woman to be a postmaster in Maryland, later joined and managed her brother’s printing office in Philadelphia.〔(Maryland State Archives )〕 By 1770 the ''Pennsylvania Chronicle'' had a circulation of about twenty-five hundred, making it one of the most successful colonial newspapers. In the middle of the 18th century most of the printing presses that were in use in the American colonies were imported from England. Isaac Doolittle, a New-Haven watch and clock-maker, built the mahogany printing press for Goddard's ''Pennsylvania Chronicle'' in Philadelphia. It was the first printing press built in the American colonies.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The New Haven Enterprise - Small Businessperson: Isaac Doolittle )〕 Goddard's newspaper was not without its competition. A rival Philadelphia printer, William Bradford III, founder of ''The Pennsylvania Journal and Weekly Advertiser'' in 1742 conducted a newspaper war against Goddard that digressed into personal attacks. During this time Galloway and Wharton had sold their shares of the ''Chronicle'' to a Robert Towne, who in turn made many attempts to persuade Goddard to sell his newspaper to him. After Goddard publicly criticized Galloway and Wharton he subsequently found himself jailed for debt in September 1771, no doubt at the prompting of the influential Galloway. ==''Chronicle'' a revolutionary voice== The paper was a primary means in voicing the anti-British sentiment that was rapidly spreading throughout the colonies prior to the American Revolution. The paper gained much notoriety when Goddard printed an article voicing his support for the Boston Tea Party. The paper's sympathies and general revolutionary message were a cause of great concern to the British. Soon the newspaper was heavily taxed for its delivery by the Crown Post (the colonial mail system in use at the time), and later the Crown Post simply refused to deliver the publication. The Crown Post finally drove the newspaper out of business in 1773. This prompted Goddard and Benjamin Franklin to establish an alternative mail system independent of the Crown Post authorities. This alternative system ultimately became the basis of a postal system that would later become the US Post Office.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=William Goddard and the Constitutional Post )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pennsylvania Chronicle (Colonial newspaper)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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